Soil and Environment Science In Contemporary World

  Biofertilizers: Biofertilizers are the microbial inoculants which can be usually defined as a preparation containing live or inactive cells of efficient strains of nitrogen-fixing, phosphate solubilizing, and cellulytic microorganisms, etc. In contrast to chemical fertilizers, biofertilizers are viable microorganisms that are not the source of nutrients but work mutualistically with plants in accessing the nutrient availability in the rhizospheric region.  The plant gets the required nutrients to grow whereas the microorganism gets shelter and food from the plant. Several microorganisms are commonly used as biofertilizers including nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (Azotobacter, Rhizobium), nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria(Anabaena) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(Pseudomonas sp.). Similarly, phytohormone (auxin)-producing bacteria and cellulotic microorganisms are also used as biofertilizer formulation. These microbial formulations are used to enhance the certain microbial process to i

Definition of Soil: T he uppermost unconsolidated part of the earth in which plants grow or a black or dark brown material  typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. Types of Soil: The following are some types of soils which are found all around the world. Sandy Soil:  Sandy Soil is light, warm, dry, and tends to be acidic and low in nutrients. Sandy soils are often known as light soils due to their high proportion of sand and little clay (clay weighs more than sand). Clay Soil:   Clay Soil is a heavy soil type that benefits from high nutrients. Clay soils remain wet and cold in winter and dry out in summer. Silt Soil :  Silt Soil is light and moisture-retentive soil type with a high fertility rating. As silt soils comprised of medium-sized particles they are well-drained and hold moisture well. Peat Soil:  Peat soil is high in organic matter and retains a large amount of moisture. This type of soil is very rarely found in a garden and often import